Criminal Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Behavior - Essay Example An examination of male and female crime will see a move in female conduct that has been impacted by social and social weights, and a narrowing of the hole among male and female culprits. Ongoing decades have seen an expanding pervasiveness of female crooks and the wrongdoings that they submit have gotten progressively savage. During the 10-year time frame from 1986 to 1997 the grown-up male remedial populace expanded by 67 percent, while the ladies' populace expanded by 100 percent (Demographic patterns, 2008). In any case, wrongdoing is a movement that is ruled by guys as 5 percent of them are under some type of restorative management in the US contrasted and just 1 percent of the female populace. Nonetheless, female violations have gotten progressively vicious in nature. In 1989, 13 percent of the wrongdoings submitted by females were brutal in nature, yet that number had expanded to 17 percent by 2002 (US Department of Justice, 2004). Moreover, in the year 2000 ladies established 6.7 percent of the all out state and government jail populace, and that number had expanded to 7.2 percent in 2007 (US Department of Justice, 2008). Information from an assortment of sour ces checks that ladies have gotten increasingly dynamic in wrongdoing in a progressively fierce manner. The differentiation among male and female wrongdoing and the move in socioeconomics lately can help give a sign of the inspirations that underlie crime. Feeling has a far lesser effect on a man's choice to carry out a wrongdoing than it accomplishes for a female. At the point when men carry out a wrongdoing it is regularly the aftereffect of scholarly conduct that has been the consequence of social communication. Ramoutar and Farrington (2006) report that, As indicated by social learning hypothesis, if people have abundant chance to watch forceful or rough conduct, this will build the opportunity that they will figure out how to esteem brutality and consolidate it into their conduct collection (p.562). These standards of conduct are found out from guardians, relatives, informal communities, and advanced through the way of life of the well known media. The male overwhelmed society has generally endured male viciousness and guys are reacting to the inspiration of propagating the curren t normal practices (Women's Aid, 2005, p.7). Social and social standards are at the establishment of the distinction in male and female socioeconomics with respect to the sorts of wrongdoings submitted. Ladies submit savage goes about as a methods for responding to their socially subdued status, while guys submit fierce goes about as an educated conduct and limits the demonstration dependent on society's acknowledgment of male control. While social learning is a factor that impacts a male's choice to carry out a wrongdoing, it is additionally a factor that disheartens ladies from crime. Social control hypothesis further expresses that individuals have a characteristic propensity to take part in introverted conduct, independent of sexual orientation and that solid network, family, work environment, and social ties all add to an individual's hesitance to participate in crime (Li and MacKenzie, 2003, p.279). As per Corbett (2007) there are critical casual weights and authorizes put on ladies by family to comply with fitting sexual orientation endorsed practices that debilitate abnormality (p.258). Ladies have generally been seen as the 'more fragile sex' and protected from the male commanded exercises related with

Meditation as a strong tool of relaxation and internal balance

Contemplation as a solid instrument of unwinding and interior equalization In some cases I truly feel lament that human body is a confounded component, which comprises of thousands of physical, mental and neuronal associations. That is extraordinary to be one of a kind animal with a great many different capacities and characteristics. Be that as it may, in some cases I need to resemble those robots or machines, which have the Off catch. You have a bustling day at school, take care of issues with composing expositions and planning reports or sweat over the books before a test, than you race to your side occupation and complete a millions exercises, which require a great deal of endeavors and focus. In any event, feeling good in the warm delicate terrible following a troublesome day, it is at times difficult to kill our head and quit contemplating imperative issues. Is it natural to you? I have been searching for my Off catch for quite a while. Home grown tea, physical activities these methods play out their capacity yet uncovered to be less viable than I anticipated. Regardless of whether the body was drained I didn't figured out how to cause my psyche to be clear and direct it into the positive stream. After a great deal of preliminaries and tests my ideal cure was found. What's more, this cure had all the earmarks of being a reflection. What is reflection? Contemplation is an extremely intriguing and bewildering process, which was drilled by our predecessors for a huge number of years. For quite a while it was somewhat overlooked and now contemplation picks up its fame once more. Contemplation is coordinated on advancing your physical and mental procedures and their connections. Obviously, during the reflection an individual needs to think and center their consideration. It is important to deal with your considerations and direct irritating and overpowering thoughts into another stream, off of your mind. Its advantages to your life form The activity of reflection is leaving and entirely ideal for the person’s psyche and body. Because of reflection, individuals get the sentiment of tranquility, solace and equalization. The intriguing thing about contemplation is that every one of these sentiments don't end after consummation of the reflection meeting, yet they last during the entire day. So performing contemplation toward the beginning of the day, you will be accused of the vitality and inspirational attitude during the entire day. As you probably are aware, mental and physical segment portions of our body have solid connection. Along these lines, affecting our psyche with positive activity, contemplation impacts our physical prosperity and condition. Your self-improvement I need to cause you to notice the way that the meetings of reflection have not just momentary impact of your sentiments and enthusiastic equalization. These activities can bring your some utilization inside your vital objectives of self-improvement.â Thus, contemplation helps by building up your mindfulness, innovativeness and creative mind. Reflection can turn into your technique for quieting down in the pressure circumstances and end of negative feelings, when you have to maintain a strategic distance from clashes or spotlight on some serous things. Reflection in the class A similar route as contemplation is valuable for understudies, it is powerful for instructors. Educators spend the most piece of their day in the relational correspondence, giving their vitality and information, and that can be exceptionally debilitating and vitality sapping. Thinking about the significant activity of reflection and its utilization for both learning and showing sides, a few educators practice contemplation in their group. It is two-way advantage: instructor turns out to be all the more cordial and quiet and understudies gain their focus and mindfulness. Contemplation takes just couple of moments, however it is sufficient to settle the positive and receptive environment for the exercise or in any event, for the entire day. Other than a ton of understudies disregard such extraordinary thing as contemplation, because of their clutter or dynamic lifestyle, for this situation in-class reflection is a remarkable thing. So reflection has become my mystery and achievement factor while in transit to progress and accomplishments of numerous kinds. Contemplation has brought about positive enhancements inside all circles of my life and now at school I have just great evaluations. So ruminate, discover your offset and be content with your instructive advancement and understudy life!

5 Books to Watch Out for in August

5 Books to Watch Out for in August There are so many big releases hitting Book Land this month that it was hard to whittle this list down to five.  For your diverse reading pleasure, I tried to hit every genre I could, from fantasy to (kind of) cookbook to graphic novel to essays. Lets hit it! The Magician’s Land, Lev Grossman (Viking August 5th) The Magician’s Land, with its haunting,  foggy-yet-crisp cover, is the third and final installment of  Grossman’s much beloved Magicians trilogy. And Rebecca Schinsky says it’s the best one yet! Trust Rebecca Schinsky! I obvs cant give many details being that its the conclusion of a trilogy BUT  if you like love letters to fantasy, you should start this trilogy now. And read all of it by August 5th.  YOU CAN DO IT. Bad Feminist, Roxane Gay (Harper Perennial August 5th) I know its probably not very scholarly to do this, but I am just gonna go ahead and give this book five stars based on the title alone. FIVE STARS. In reviews for  this book, the word provocative is used approximately a million times. Which, of course, is code for:  Smart woman of color tells shit like it is; people may wring their hands a lot. From  Sweet Valley High  to  Orange is the New Black, Gay examines culture and politics in a way that tells a deeply personal story while also calling on all of us to do better. I am awfully glad she exists. Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage, Haruki Murakami (Knopf August 12th) Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki  is being heralded as a Murakami tale thats short and straightforward in comparison with his  more recent meandering works.  It should be said that its still 400 pages, though, which I guess you only consider short when youre comparing it to the 946 of 1Q84. Tsukuru Tazaki is a lonely man in his mid-30s who is haunted by a great loss, and his pilgrimage involves  traveling into the past to help heal his present. And, yeah, thats all you really get in terms of description. It also sold over a million copies during its first week of publication in Japan. Holy cheeseballs. My Drunk Kitchen: A Guide to Eating, Drinking, and Going With Your Gut, Hannah Hart (Dey Street Books August 12th) Personally, I miss the old school, actually drunk, tiny NYC kitchen Hannah, as opposed to the new, shiny, always-looks-like-a-movie-star-even-when-shes-trying-to-be-sloppy LA Hannah. YouTuber success problems, amIrite? But, I mean, do I still like her face? Yes. Would I still read her book? Hell yes. Would I read it more for pun-filled talk about life and alcohol than for the recipes? Well duh. Sisters, Raina Telgemeier (Graphix August 26th) Sisters  is the companion to 2010s Eisner Award-winning  Smile,  and if you dont know how big  Smile  was/is, well, then, you probably dont work with children. But trust me that it was/is BIG. Like, changing the face of graphic novels for children big. Like, I am going to write a whole separate post about Raina Telgemeier when August 26th comes closer. Seriously. BIG. Like Smile, Sisters  is autobiographical in nature, this time focusing  on the not-always-chummy bond between a young Raina and her sister Amara, a bond that begins to strengthen with the arrival of a new baby brother and the rumblings of discord between their parents. Told in flashbacks, much of the action takes place during a road trip from San Francisco to Colorado. ROAD TRIP! Sounds like a perfect way to end the summer to me. What other August releases are you looking forward to? ____________________ Expand your literary horizons with New Books!, a weekly newsletter spotlighting  3-5  exciting new releases, hand-picked by our very own  Liberty Hardy.  Sign up now! Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Essay on Unemployment

Worst Social Nightmare When I was little, I often had nightmares about monsters. I used to wake up at night and call my dad who was supposed to frighten them away. Once I asked him if he had ever had bad dreams, my father answered that he often had a nightmare about losing his job. I was puzzled: what was his job compared to my monsters? Only many years later I realized what he meant. Unemployment has always been an important social problem. However, in the last decades it has gained even larger significance. The reasons for that are both demographic and economic. On the one hand, we are a society of an extensive type, which means that the mortality rate is higher than the birth rate and our nation is actually aging. As a result, each year there are more retired people and fewer middle-aged ones who mainly pay taxes and ensure the state budget can guarantee all the social payments. On the other hand, the world economic crisis has affected the stability of our currency and the industries, which traditionally employed a lot of workers. For instance, our famous car manufacturing giants Ford and Chrysler made more than one hundred thousand workers redundant. At the same time, developing countries with their cheap labor force help large companies outsource their production and cut costs. So, the situation becomes a vicious circle: people lose their jobs because of the crisis and stop paying taxes, at the same time the unemployment benefits allow them neither the opportunity for decent existence, nor the possibility to find a well-paid job. They choose to do whatever they can earn money with. But having a low salary means they pay less taxes and this generally decreases the level of the society development.

The Importance of Imitation in Early Child Development Essay

The term imitation in psychological terms refers to the copying or mimicking of patterns of behaviour. This essay will evaluate the importance of imitation in infancy using the theory of Piaget contrasted with the findings of other studies that differ radically in their conclusions. The essay will show that the importance of imitation as a forerunner to symbolic representation and ultimately abstract thought can be counterbalanced by arguments concerning language acquisition which does not solely depend on imitation for its development and is arguably one of the most important of human tools to develop. The amount of study this developmental feature has attracted is indicative of its importance in respect of cognitive development. As a†¦show more content†¦Piaget (1951) argued that the ability to think and reason is a lengthy developmental process that begins in infancy and is not fully completed until late childhood. To investigate the development of memory, a necessary component of representation and abstract thought, Piaget conducted a longitudinal study of his own children during their first year of life. Piaget reasoned that the start of memory development was evident when an infant was able to imitate an event and later repeat the event for itself. For Piaget a time interval between successful episodes of mutual imitation was necessary to confirm memory retention and actual reproduction of the behaviour. In his study Piaget failed to observe evidence of imitation in the first month of life which concurs with his theory that infants at this age are capable only of reflex actions over which they have no control. In the second to fourth months Piaget observed some evidence of imitation such as the opening and closing of the hand but noted that infants in this age band were unable to imitate new actions not already within their behaviour range. From four to eight months of age infants were able to imitate actions such as the hitting or banging of an object. Between the ages of eight and twelve months Piaget observed that infants were able to directly imitate facial expressionsShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Deferred Imitation During The Sensorimotor Period1037 Words   |  5 PagesImitation and observational learning are important in aiding the attainment and portrayal of new behaviours, beginning as early as infancy (Meltzoff, 1993, p. 467). Deferred imitation and mental representation s were concepts by developmental psychologist Jean Piaget in his theory of infant cognitive development. Deferred imitation refers to a child’s ability to imitate the actions that they have seen others perform, following a delay, (Slater, Lewis, Anzures Lee, 2011). Piaget proposed that theRead MoreThe Centrality Of Play For A Child s Social Development1234 Words   |  5 Pagescentrality of Play for a child’s social development Play is so important in a child’s development that the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights has recognized it as a right of every child (Parents Magazine, 2015). Play is also important in social development as highlighted in my poster for parents, this rationale of my poster will discuss the key theories, processes and messages that are presented when looking at how play affects social development. Many theorists including Vygotsky, PiagetRead MoreSociocultural Theorists And Developmental Psychologists Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pagespsychologists argue that the children’s cognitive development takes place through the social interaction with other people. Adults and generally more capable individuals are models of behaviors for children and through their guidance children understand not only the physical characteristics of the environment but also conceptualize the meaning of actions and peoples behavior (Corkum Moore, 1998). This essay illustrates the key e lements for the cognitive development with the collaboration of adults. FirstlyRead MoreChildren Learning Language Through Imitation Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesChildren Learning Language Through Imitation In this essay I intend on studying child language acquisition not only through imitation, but innateness, intellectual development and input also. This is a relatively new area of language research, which has very few definite answers or rules that can be applied invariably. This is why I believe that it is best to look at all the main aspects of how we learn to talk, in order to gain a greater perspective of the theorysRead MoreCharacteristics Of A First And Second Language : Behaviorism, Innatism And Social Interactionist Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesdisciplines and research directions, such as cognitive psychology, linguistics, etc.; therefore, the models relate to linguistic development in various ways. One of the most striking differences between the approaches is the perception of the place of heredity and environment in the process of acquiring language, but as we shall see each approach gives them a different weight and importance. In this paper we describe three approaches to acquire first and second language: Behaviorism, Innatism and Social-interactionistRead MoreChild Language Acquisition: Nature or Nurture?1645 Words   |  7 PagesChild language acquisition: nature or nurture? (final version) Introduction The study of language development, one of the most fascinating human achievements, has a long and rich history, extending over thousands of years (Chomsky, 2000). As the nature-versus-nurture argument is inevitable to arise whenever human behaviors are discussed, it is not surprising that language experts have debated the relative influences of genetics and the environment on language development (Hulit Howard, 2002). AmongRead More Language Acquisition in Children Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesAcquisition in Children Introduction The study of language development, one of the most fascinating human achievements, has a long and rich history, extending over thousands of years (Chomsky, 2000). As the nature-versus-nurture argument is inevitable to arise whenever human behaviors are discussed, it is not surprising that language experts have debated the relative influences of genetics and the environment on language development (Hulit Howard, 2002). Among the various proposals concerningRead MoreObservation of Child Growth Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction red - Development blue – Conclusion orange Individualism– Giving priority to one’s own goals over group          goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes          rather than group identification.       For the first time in my life I am being an individualist. I am giving greater priority to my own personal goals. I honestly don’t know what I was thinking changing careers at the age of 42 but I am determined to get my nursing degree. For the next 2 years it will beRead MoreThe Importance Of Play For Early Childhood Education Programs1699 Words   |  7 Pagesexamine?the relevance of the main discourses of play for early childhood education programs This essay introduces the definition of play, its importance in early years. It also makes us understand the different contributions made by theorists in enhancing our understanding the value of play. It also examines the implications of play on children and early childhood services. We also discuss the origin and role of child-initiated play in a child?s early years. Play is defined as universal language and aRead MoreFirst Relationships Essay1804 Words   |  8 Pagesfor the development of the infant in their future as adults. In the weeks after they are born babies have limited abilities to interact with adults who look after them but as they get older they become more and more equal partners in creating and upholding their relationships. There are many different aids that contribute towards the development and enhance relationships. Three main features of early development are meshing, scaffolding and imitation. Each contributes

Sony Strategy Analysis Free Essays

SONY Strategy Case Analysis Executive Summary Sony is currently faced with the problem of low operating margin and stagnant market share in the videogame console industry. PlayStation3 of Sony is competing with Xbox360 of Microsoft and Wii of Nintendo. Despite the high technology, Wii outsells PlayStation in the market. We will write a custom essay sample on Sony Strategy Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now This shows that the traditional strategy of Sony based on hardware should be reviewed according to the new trend. Considering gradually increasing market size and harsh competition, Sony should invest more on creating new customers and software. Analysis After experiencing the five or six cycles defined by advancement of underlying technology, there are currently three main competitors in the videogame industry: Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo. The PlayStation of Sony and the Xbox360 of Microsoft can be characterized by high technology and interoperability with other electronic products. Meanwhile, the Wii of Nintendo emphasizes innovative and user-friendly capabilities such as wireless motion-sensing controllers. Therefore, the Wii could appeal to more widespread customers such as senior people including traditional gamers. Based on enthusiastic reactions to Wii, the leading market share of PlayStation in the prior generation is replaced by the Wii of Nintendo. As of 2008, the Wii substantially outsells the two rivals. According to Five Forces Analysis, Sony has been faced with the following characteristics in the game industry. Suppliers: The bargaining power is relatively high since videogame console makers outsource the manufacturing of console. Also, they need the support of game developers. In this respect, the one of the main reasons why the PlayStation and PlayStation 2 could succeed as a new entrant would be the supplier-friendly strategy of Sony. Sony took the policy to license any PlayStation software as far as it does not clash with hardware. Also, Sony provided third-party developers with various development tools and soft libraries. Buyers: Compared with past customers who could enjoy the limited game console suppliers, current customers could enjoy the various types of game platforms. Also, based on the high technologies, the games for every age or demographic are coming out to the market. Therefore, game console makers should ensure as many customers as possible to enjoy the economy of scale in the increasing market size. This gamer-friendly environment results in the high bargaining power of customers. Regarding customer-based viewpoint, Sony failed to captivate the people from all levels. Even though PlayStation software is targeted at a more mature audience, PlayStation of Sony has been usually used by the traditional gamers of young age. Threat of new entrants: In the game industry, the possibility of new entrants to succeed is very slim because new platform based on high technologies requires high cost and risk. Therefore, small or medium sized companies are very difficult to finance RD and marketing. Also, it is very difficult for new entrants to find game developers. Three giant companies (Sony, Microsoft, Nintendo) overwhelmingly dominate the market of videogame console and there exists a big entrance barrier. It is the reality that a small company cannot help being pushed out by three major companies. Since Sony got into the game industry, the biggest threat of new entrants would be the appearance of new contender, Microsoft, in 2001. Threat of substitute products: There exists the high possibility of substitutes from other industries. Personal computers or mobile handheld devices could be the potential substitute of videogame consoles. The reality is that many people are enjoying games using other devices such as I-Phone or I-Pad over time. In addition, consumers don’t have to bear the additional cost when they change from game consoles to other substitutes. Considering the high diffusion rate of personal computers or mobile devices, potential substitute products could be high threat to selling game consoles. Positioning among current competitors: Definitely, Sony is the major entity in the game console market. However, the market situation is not so bright as the past over time. As a new entrant in 2001, Sony could get a huge success through giant money, high technology, stylish design and support of game developers. However, Sony is now suffering from negative operating profit and turned over the status of top maker to the Wii of Nintendo. So, Sony needs to set up new strategies in the videogame industry. Recommendation First of all, Sony should broaden customer scope from traditional gamers to the general public. Game industry is still growing although the attractiveness is waning over time. Sony is trying to position the PlayStation as the ultimate hub for digital living room. However, the people are still not familiar with PlayStation and consider it just game machine. Therefore, Sony needs to enforce the marketing for family-friendly game console maker. The one of the main reasons for Wii’s success is that Nintendo targeted the niche market that other competitors have ignored. Nintendo focused on the general public with the easy and simple game consoles instead of expensive and complicated ones. Wii contributed to letting the public general realize the fun of game. Now, Sony needs to leverage the opponent’s assets as a Judo Strategy as Sega did in the past. If the family-friendly image is added to the high technology of Sony, the PlayStation could appeal much more to the general public. Lastly, Sony needs to more invest on its software. Sony has been focused on the product itself based on high technology and attractive design. As Nintendo makes high margin based on the customer-friendly software forgoing high price of console, Sony needs to broaden available games for PlayStation. A wide range of Adult users could bring new Blue Ocean of profits. Utilizing the advantages of PlayStation, the high technology and interoperability with other electronic devices, Sony could set up the new digital hub replacing TV and Computer at home. To do this, above all, Sony should establish the affluent in-house software associated with developers as Apple make additional profits through various apps. How to cite Sony Strategy Analysis, Papers

Harrison bergeron by kurt vonn Essay Example For Students

Harrison bergeron by kurt vonn Essay Harrison bergeron by kurt vonn Essayegut, Jr. In the short story Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut I perceive the theme to be the importance of individuality, and a need for individual difference for fear of losing our humanity when nowadays equality for all is an issue. In many aspects, equality must be striven for. People have always been different and will always tend to remain that way. Individualism is a doctrine and marks the differences between people recognizing the value of diversity in modern society. The year was 2081, and everybody was finally equal. They werent only equal before God and the law. They were equal in every which way. The preceding sentence begins Kurt Vonneguts very scary view of a future society where everybody was equal. Nobody could be more intelligent than anybody else. Nobody could be stronger, prettier or faster than anybody else. The Amendments to the Constitution and the agents of the United States Handicapper General would make sure it was kept that way. People will have to wear handicaps to modify their intelligence or appearances. If they are beautiful they will wear ugly masks. If their intelligence was above normal, like George Bergeron, they will wear a radio on their ear tuned to a Government transmitter. The transmitter will send out noises that will scattered their thoughts and will keep them from taking advantage of their brains. If they were not heavy enough they had to wear handicap bags full of birdshot, and this is the case of the ballerinas. They were required by law to wear them at all times. The kind of society presented in this story where everybody is equal and there is no competition, can be loosely related to the society we are living in today. In todays society we demand equality in sexes, equality in races, equality in ages and equality in genders. We are more conscious about the differences in our society and we try to change the norms, the rules and those inequalities that may give some people certain status. In Harrison Bergeron, everyone is equal; everybody has the same opportunities to do what they want. In that society there is no dominance in any groups or races, no social injustice nor economical inequality. To get to this point of equality, the members of this society with physical or mental advantages have to wear these painful handicaps to modify their thoughts and emotions or transform their beauty. The results of all this is a loss of identity, and overall a loss of humanity. The society in Harrison Bergeron can also be related to some political regimes in the world, like the communist or fascist systems. Unfortunately, we know how these dictators, from the right or left, work. They make sure people dont have thoughts or their own opinions so they are easier to manipulate. In Harrison Bergeron the Government manipulates the human intelligence to the point where those with advantages become disadvantages. The importance of equality in this story and the dangers of someone not being equal will represent a threat to the system. When Harrison takes his own handicaps off as well as his Empress to enjoy the dance, and tells the musicians to do the same for the music to improve, the Handicapper General (Diana Moon Glampers), kills the couple because they represented the threat to the system and the society. Everything returns to normal after that, including George and Hazel, his parents. They were not allowed to think, the handicap signal would take care of that. .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada , .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada .postImageUrl , .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada , .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada:hover , .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada:visited , .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada:active { border:0!important; } .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada:active , .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b8eb59374837b97c8fbfc80e103aada:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Seeing futher through tears th Essay In my opinion the author, Kurt Vonnegut tries to warn us about the dangers of equality and uniformity. We can lose our humanity and individuality if we strive for too much equality and become a society like that presented in Harrison Bergeron. .

Operation Managenent free essay sample

After completing this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Define the term operations management. 2. Identify the three major functional areas of organizations and describe how they interrelate. 3. Identify similarities and differences between production and service operations. 4. Describe the operations function and the nature of the operations managers job. 5. Summarize the two major aspects of process management. 6. Explain the key aspects of operations management decision making. Briefly describe the historical evolution of operations management. . Characterize current trends in business that impact operations management. Chapter 2 Competitiveness, Strategy, and Productivity After completing this chapter, you should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. List the three primary ways that business organizations compete. Explain five reasons for the poor competitiveness of some companies. Define the term strategy and explain why strategy is important. Discuss and compare organization strategy and operations strategy, and explain why it is important to link the two. 5. Describe and give examples of time-based strategies. We will write a custom essay sample on Operation Managenent or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6. Define the term productivity and explain why it is important to organizations and to countries. 7. Provide some of the reasons for poor productivity and some ways of improving it. Chapter 3 Forecasting: 1. List the elements of a good forecast. 2. Outline the steps in the forecasting process. 3. Evaluate at least three qualitative forecasting techniques and the advantages and disadvantages of each. 4. Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative approaches to forecasting. 5. Describe averaging techniques, trend and seasonal techniques, and regression analysis, and solve typical problems. Explain three measures of forecast accuracy. 7. Compare two ways of evaluating and controlling forecasts. 8. Assess the major factors and trade-offs to consider when choosing a forecasting technique. Chapter 4 – Product and Service Design: 1. Explain the strategic importance of product and service design. 2. Identify some key reasons for design or redesign. 3. Recognize the key questions of product and service design. 4. List some of the main sources of design ideas. 5. Discuss the importance of legal, ethical, and sustainability considerations in product and service design. 6. Explain the purpose and goal of life cycle assessment. 7. Explain the phrase the 3 Rs. 8. Briefly describe the phases in product design and development. 9. Name several key issues in manufacturing design. 10. Recognize several key issues in service design. 11. Name the phases in service design. 12. List the characteristics of well-designed service systems. 13. Assess some of the challenges of service design. Chapter 5 Strategic Capacity Planning for Products and Services: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Summarize the importance of capacity planning. Discuss ways of defining and measuring capacity. Describe the determinants of effective capacity. Discuss the major considerations related to developing capacity alternatives. Briefly describe approaches that are useful for evaluating capacity alternatives. Chapter 6 Process Selection and Facility Layout: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Explain the strategic importance of process selection. Describe the influence that process selection has on an organization. Compare the basic processing types. Explain the need for management of technology. List some reasons for redesign of layouts. Describe the basic layout types, and the main advantages and disadvantages of each. Chapter 7- Work Design and Measurement: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Explain the importance of work design. Compare and contrast the two basic approaches to job design. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of specialization. Explain the term knowledge-based pay. Explain the purpose of methods analysis and describe how methods studies are performed. 6. Compare four commonly used techniques for motion study. 7. Discuss the impact of working conditions on job design. 8. Define a standard time. 9. Describe and compare time study methods and perform calculations. 10. Describe work sampling and perform calculations. Compare stopwatch time study and work sampling. 12. Contrast time and output pay systems. Chapter 8 Location Planning and Analysis: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Identify some of the main reasons organizations need to make location decisions. Explain why location decisions are important. Discuss the options that are available for location decisions. Give examples of the major factors that affect location decisions. Outline the decision process for making these kinds of decisions. Chapter 9 – Management of Quality: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Define the term quality as it relates to products and as it relates to services. Explain why quality is important and the consequences of poor quality. Identify the determinants of quality. Distinguish the costs associated with quality. Compare the quality awards. Discuss the philosophies of quality gurus. Describe TQM. Give an overview of process improvement. Describe and use various quality tools. Chapter 10 – Quality Control: 1. List and briefly explain the elements of the control process. 2. Explain how control charts are used to monitor a process, and the concepts that underlie their use. Chapter 11 Aggregate Planning and Master Scheduling: 1. Explain what aggregate planning is and how it is useful. 2. Identify the variables decision makers have to work with in aggregate planning and some of the possible strategies they can use. 3. Describe some of the graphical and quantitative techniques planners use. 4. Describe the master scheduling process and explain its importance. Chapter 12 – MRP and ERP: 1. Describe the conditions under which MRP is most appropriate. 2. Describe the inputs, outputs, and nature of MRP processing. 3. Explain how requirements in a master production schedule are translated into material requirements for lower-level items. Discuss the benefits and requirements of MRP. 5. Explain how an MRP system is useful in capacity requirements planning. 6. Outline the potential benefits and some of the difficulties users have encountered with MRP. 7. Describe MRP II and its benefits. 8. Describe ERP, what it provides, and its hidden costs. Chapter 13 – Inventory Management: 1. Define the term inventory, list the major reasons for holding inventories, and list the main requirements for effective inventory management. 2. Discuss the nature and importance of service inventories. 3. Explain periodic and perpetual review systems. 4. Explain the objectives of inventory management. 5. Describe the A-B-C approach and explain how it is useful. 6. Describe the basic EOQ model and its assumptions. 7. Describe reorder point models. 8. Describe situations in which the singleperiod model would be appropriate. Chapter 14 – JIT and Lean Operations: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Explain what is meant by the term lean operations system. List each of the goals of a lean system and explain its importance. List and briefly describe the building blocks of lean. Identify the benefits of a lean system. Outline the considerations important in converting a traditional mode of operations to a lean system. 6. Point out some of the obstacles that might be encountered when converting to a lean system. 7. Describe value stream mapping. Chapter 15 – Supply Chain Management 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Discuss the key issues of supply chain management. Name the recent trends in supply chain management. Summarize the motivations and risks of outsourcing as a strategy. State some of the complexities that are involved with global supply chains. List some of the strategic, tactical, and operational responsibilities of supply chain management. Give examples of some advantages of e-business. Explain the importance of supplier partnerships. List the requirements of an effective supply chain. Name some of the challenges in creating an effective supply chain. Chapter 16 Scheduling 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Explain what scheduling involves and the importance of good scheduling. Describe scheduling needs in high-volume and intermediate-volume systems. Describe scheduling needs in job shops. Use and interpret Gantt charts, and use the assignment method for loading. Give examples of commonly used priority rules. Summarize some of the unique problems encountered in service systems, and describe some of the approaches used for scheduling service systems. Chapter 17 – Project Management: 1. Discuss the behavioral aspects of projects in terms of project personnel and the project manager. 2. Explain the nature and importance of a work breakdown structure in project management. 3. Give a general description of PERT/CPM techniques. 4. Construct simple network diagrams. 5. List the kinds of information that a PERT or CPM analysis can provide. 6. Describe activity crashing and solve typical problems. Management of Waiting Lines After ompleting this chapter, you should be familiar with waiting line terminology, be able to solve typical problems using the models presented in this chapter, and answer these questions: 1. Describe what imbalance does the existence of a waiting line reveal? 2. Explain what causes waiting lines to form, and why is it impossible to eliminate them completely? 3. Describe what metrics are used to help managers analyze waiting lines? 4. Explain what are some psychological approaches to managing waiting lines, and why might a manager want to use them? 5. Explain what very important lesson does the constant service time model provide for managers?

Multinational companies in Jamaica Essay Example

Multinational companies in Jamaica Essay Example Multinational companies in Jamaica Paper Multinational companies in Jamaica Paper Multinational companies in Jamaica Name: Course: Institution: Instructor: Date: Multinational companies in Jamaica Multinational companies have been highly significant to the growth of the Jamaican economy. The exponential growth of these companies has been felt not only in Jamaica and the Caribbean but also in continents such as Europe and North America where they have solid footholds in the respective countries consumer markets. Grace Kennedy and Lasco Jamaica are among the most successful companies in the Caribbean and more so in Jamaica. Multinational companies have a wide range of products that help diversify their portfolios. Grace Kennedy Company was founded in 1922 as a partnership between Dr. John J. Grace and Fred Kennedy. The Company started out as a small trading company and soon grew to have a wharfing facility to enable smooth flow of the company’s imports (Grace Kennedy, 4). The company in the Caribbean operates in Jamaica, Trinidad Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean respectively. Currently the company has sixty subsidiaries and affiliated companies across several continents around the world. The company has grown significantly since its inception form a privately owned company to a public company with a market capitalization of J$21 billion as of the year 2006. The company has a blueprint of catapulting its growth to become a leading global company with branches all over the world. The company has its activities in financial services, remittances services, insurance, manufacturing and retail and distribution. Employment-The Company has been particularly significant in the provision of employment to the Jamaican population. Since it began its operations, it has seen growth in its levels of operating activities and has diversified into different products and activities for the maximization of profits. The growth of the company means that the company has seen an increase in its revenues, which means that there have been more employments to facilitate the higher levels of activities. Employment for any population and country in general has many benefits. In addition, more employment means that the new employees are able to meet their basic needs such as costs for food. Adequate food for a family means the members are able to concentrate on crucial issues such as education. This also alleviates diseases, which are brought about by malnutrition that is because of poor diet or inadequate food. Employment means that people who are unemployed and venture into the new employment bracket are able to cater for their own needs such as education for their children and other basic needs. Revenue for the government-Moreover, new employees also translate to more revenue in the form of taxes for the government. More taxes enable the government to be able to fund more developmental projects such as the provision of basic needs such as water and sewerage systems. New employment helps in the reduction of crime as people who do not have any employment are able to find alternative and better sources of income. Public Ownership-The Company, after its evolution into a public entity, enabled Jamaican citizens to get a chance to own a part of the largest corporations in the country. The new public company after its listing as a public company was able to get more revenue to improve and increase its operations. This also meant that the company would employ more people to facilitate more production and maintain its growth. After the formation of the company in 1922, the company was particularly vital in the provision of basic services to the Jamaican public. This was extremely difficult to find if not impossible, in a period marked by racial oppression such as financial services and insurance services. This enabled the Jamaican entity to be represented in the corporate world by a multinational company, which has several operations in different countries and continents. Grace Kennedy Company has also enabled the Jamaican population to have more products available to them at relatively fair prices. The provision of basic commodities such as packed foods enabled people all financial backgrounds at relatively average prices. This has opened up the market to innovation and competition posed by the different players in the market. Negative impacts Focus on imports-Grace Kennedy has been solely involved in the import of products instead of diversification into the manufacture of products (Grace Kennedy, 11). Manufacture of products in Jamaica would be particularly relevant to the economy by the provision of new jobs and would prove to be cost friendly to the cost reduction of the company. The company should focus on the provision of products that are solely made in Jamaica or the Caribbean. Provision of unhealthy foods-this has contributed to the now persistent health issues affecting obese people due to high intake of fatty foods. Grace Kennedy has aided the distribution of foods that are considered unhealthy. Decline in currency value-Imports drain the country’s foreign reserves, which are used to purchase the imports. This makes it hard for the country to be able to maintain a strong currency. Lasco Jamaica has also been another company that has been in operation in the Jamaican economy since 1988 (Lasco Jamaica, 3). It has been involved in the provision of food, financial, personal care, household and pharmaceutical services and products. Positive impact Access to quality goods-Lasco Jamaica has been facilitating distribution of foreign products by employing aggressive marketing strategies. This has enabled the Jamaican public to be able to access high quality imports at relatively average prices Opening up of the market to healthy competition-Lasco Jamaica has also contributed to the opening up of the Jamaican market to competition posed by foreign products and enabled the local market to conform to high standards in the production of any goods (Lasco Jamaica, 15). This is evident by the presence of locally manufactured goods that are of high standards and are appealing to the consumer. Source of revenue for the government – the imports are usually taxed heavily on entry into any country. This ahs been a significant source of revenue for the government enabling it to fund projects Negative impact Focus on imports-The Company was involved in the importation of foreign products. This has had a negative impact on the Jamaican economy. Importation means that the company was denying local companies the much-needed revenues. Lack of employment due to imports– Lack of adequate revenues means that the local companies cannot employ more employees or even increase production Preference of foreign goods over local goods-The Company has not been a favorable force to the market due to its preference for imports such that it opposed the revival of Jamaican owned entity that would see the Jamaican government operate a dairy company. This would be favorable for the economy, as a whole. It would translate to more jobs in the economy and a reduction in the unemployment rates. This would also mean that the government would collect more revenue in the form of taxes and licenses from new products. In addition, the Lasco Jamaica Company has been providing the Jamaican population with fatty foods, which are considered unhealthy due to the presence of hydrated fats. The presence of such fats translates to people becoming unhealthy due to increase in weight. This leads to medical conditions such as obesity, bloods pressure and other heart related problems brought about by high cholesterol foods. Foreign affiliate-The Company seems to act as an affiliate of larger companies (Lasco Jamaica, 13). This denies the Jamaican populace the chance to work at companies, and denies the populace the chance to buy products that are made by Jamaican companies. The company should authorize the issue of shares and enable people to purchase their shares. This would enable the Jamaican population to have more ownership in entities that have been in existence for a long time and at the same time get money to invest in the farming activities. Grace Kennedy Company should have more responsibilities in the social scene because it has more market capitalization and resources at its disposal. This would be sufficient because the company owes its current existence to the Jamaican society. As a multinational company with the most number of subsidiaries and affiliate companies, they would be able to support such a perspective at the same time the company would be able to use the funds obtained in the acquisition of more equipment and invest in the local production of identical goods to ward off competition from the international products. The company should be the largest due to the high consumption rates of their products, which means that they earn more from the public thus they should give back to the public. Part of the revenue should go back to the society as it is because mast of it was derived from Jamaica. References Grace Kennedy. (2012). About us, 7.Retrieved from gracekennedy.com/home Lasco Jamaica. (2012). Home, 16. Retrieved from lascodistributors.com/Home.asp

Examine citically the ways in which Marxist Theory seek to establish a Essay

Examine citically the ways in which Marxist Theory seek to establish a relationship between Law and the Economy - Essay Example From the Instrumentalist point of view, capitalism and its effects on the working class is dependent upon the ruling class’ distribution of economic power. The economic base is understood to be accountable for determining all other social institutions such as criminal law, religion and the media. The media conveys mass communications that help maintain capitalism and historical documents assume that the wisdom of any time period is generally held by the ruling class. Business owners, the rich and the government, including the judicial system, control cultural structures to maintain the status quo which enables them to retain an element of supremacy. Thus, Capitalists’ power depends on the making and enforcement of the prevailing law. Instrumentalists assert, however, that the capitalist state must be relatively autonomous in order to best serve a capitalist society. â€Å"Its relative independence makes it possible for the state to play its class role in an approximate ly flexible manner.   If it really was a simple instrument of the ruling class, it would be fatally inhibited in the performance of its role.   Its agents absolutely need a measure of freedom in deciding how best to serve the existing social order.†2 Instrumentalists contend that the state works as an intentional and planned instrument for the supremacy over society: â€Å"Instrumental exercise of power by people in strategic positions who either manipulate state politics directly (direct instrumentality) or through the exercise of pressure on the state (indirect instrumentality).†3 While Marxist theorists agree that capitalism provides for the well-being of the social elite by the exploitation of the working class, some differ in their rationalizations of how a capitalist nation accomplishes this.   Instrumental Marxism views law as a tool of the ruling class

The Fiscal and Monetary Policy and Economic Fluctuations Essay - 3

The Fiscal and Monetary Policy and Economic Fluctuations - Essay Example Interest-rate targets are a vital tool when dealing with variables like inflation and unemployment. Adjustments on the rates are made to keep inflation within a target range so as to ensure economic growth and therefore safeguarding economic momentum. The key reasons for changing interest rates are; to give the economy a short run boost so as to lower interest rates. And to make up for a loss as a result of the interest being subjected to taxation this is achieved by increasing the interest rates Demand side policies and Supply side policies are two strategies that create economic growth by encouraging people to spend money (Mikek, 2000). These strategies base on fiscal policy that is a general term referring to the federal government tax and spending policies. And monetary policies that refer to the actions of the central bank to achieve macroeconomic objectives like; full employment, stable economic growth and price stability. Demand side policies basing on fiscal policy decreases unemployment by helping to increase economic growth rate and aggregate demand (Siu, 2004). With a higher level of the demand and a high economic growth, the level of bankruptcy in firms will go down leading to fewer job losses. Nevertheless, demand for workers will increase thereby lowering demand deficient unemployment. Demand side policies play a role in increasing economic growth rate. However, if the economy is already stable, a further increase in AD will cause inflation and therefore increase in interest rates. Demand side policies based on the monetary policy involves cutting interest rates that lead to decrease in the cost of borrowing and also encouraging people to spend and invest. This increases both GDP and AD thereby reducing demand deficient unemployment (Mikek, 2000). Lower interest rates reduce saving incentives, and mortgage

Comparison of the Olive Oil companies

Comparison of the Olive Oil companies The number of the companies that are managing to go internationally is raising every day. Organizations benefit from the globalisation because now there are much more opportunities to expand internationally and enter new markets. As the world is becoming more and more connected most of the companies are getting excited with the idea of increasing their market share in other countries (Root, 1994). There are a lot of countries which are trying to participate in the global industry of the olive oil and are attempting to produce and export this golden liquid. The main players in this marketing field are the countries which are located in the Mediterranean sea, such as Italy, Spain, Greece and Portugal (Appendix A1). Countries with no traditional backgrounds such as America, Tunisia and Australia are getting also competitive. The competition firstly started with Spain and Italy being the leaders of the market. Globally, the olive oil industry is regulated by three main bodies (Olive oil council, EU, World trade organization) that support and help them controlling the trade of olive oil and ensure the high quality. According to internationaloliveoil 2009, Spain is the main producer of olive oil (Appendix A). Due to overcapacity in the market the European Commission has increased the standards of olive oils quality. A strategy called Olive Oil Quality was introduced in order to make possible a better distinction of high and low quality (Appendix A2). Valceschini, (1999) stated that the aims of this strategy was to certify the quality in order to meet different customer demands. Spanish olive oil market According to Mintel (2009) in 2008 the sales of olive oil fall 2.5% expecting the rates to reach 1.896 million for 2009. The sector has been having difficult times because of fall in unit prices caused by heavy olive harvest, overstocking, falling export decline in demand mainly in countries where olive oil is considered a premium product. As there is almost no innovation, the competition is concentrated mostly on price, which diverse the consumer choice. The economic crisis is forcing the companies to concentrate more on quality, brands diversifications, and products that are more affordable. The model of Spanish olive oil industry is based on family own businesses and this condition has little chances to bring any innovation and promotion changes to the olive oil sector. Nowadays the companies have put a lot of efforts on promotion and the quality of the olive oil which must fill all the European standard as far as olive oil is concerned (Mintel 2009) PETROLIVA Established in Spain in the middle of 19th century is one of the main dominant players that operate successfully in the olive oil market. Initially the firm was involved in buying and selling small amounts of olive oil. Having a successful history of 70 years, now Petroliva, a family owned company, is one of the most famous companies in its industry. The product list of the company includes several types of oil, such as: extra virgin olive oil and sunflower oil. Petrolivas products are currently used all over the world by millions of people and its products are present in twelve countries of Europe, Asia and America. A high percentage of its revenue is derives from its export activities. Having developed efficient distribution channels worldwide the company now seeks to grow more entering also other countries. Of high importance is the fact that companys customers include big companies such as restaurants and hotels. Its main target now is to enter the developed UK market. Spain and UK are members of the European Union, which makes the trade between them even easier. Having built a strong brand image in its home market and in other countries Petroliva has all the necessary qualities to expand even more (notes from case study) (Appendix B). P.E.S.T analysis The PEST analysis is a functional tool which helps the company in scanning the market (either development or market decrease), understand the market situation, points the possibilities and the guidance for a business.(Chapman, 2006). In order to enter the UK market, a PEST analysis is needed for Petroliva to evaluate the market conditions. Political Factors The UK presently is a steady and prolific environment for making business. Being part of organizations like the EU, NATO, United Nations, WTO, G8, and OECD means that its performance is connected with these organizations. Great Britain is a region of the worlds biggest trading entity. UK is a stable country meaning that the government is balanced and there are not political risk .In UK there are many regulations about the csr system, building many market regulations for exporting companies.UK laws on retailers are not so strict if we take into consideration that there are supermarkets that operates 24 hours. Due to the fact that UK is part of EU makes it easier for Spanish companies to enter its market and comply with the existing regulations (Economy watch, 2010). Economic Factors According to Economy watch (2010) the British economy is the 2nd largest in Europe and the 5th in the world with GDP of 2,789 million US $. The UK economy is still trying to recover from one of the worst recession ever. The higher volume sales of olive oil are caused by the tendency of cooking at home due to that recession. It is positive for Petroliva the fact that the British pound now is weaker and there is not a big difference between two currencies. So the exchange rate is not going to have high impact on the price of the product. The British pound currency is quite stable making the export less risky. Comparing to other countries the taxation and the entry barriers are not high for entrepreneurs in UK (Economy watch, 2010). Looking the food market in UK we can see that the spreadable oils, the fats and the olive oil are expected to be the fastest growing sectors. Values sales in 2009 are estimated to grow at a rate of 8% (Mintel 2009) Social Factors The UK has the best international reputation for being a working country and possesses the most skillful workforce in Europe. The country is the most international in Europe, with a lot of cultures, many religions, leading the customers to be open for new products (e.g. olive oil).The UK citizens are environmental friendly, so Petroliva must be friendly to the environment (e.g. must do recycling and have waste collaboration devices.). British people are changing their eating habits because they have realised the health benefits that are associated with Mediterranean food and the ingredients that make that food (e.g. olive oil). When it comes to the standards of living the private consumption is approximately 26 million euro, meaning that the market is big and the customers are rich. (Answers, 2010). (Appendix C) Technological Factors The UK is ranked in the 6th place in the world for the high technology used by manufacturers. Improvements in new technologies and UK online services may help Petroliva in the marketing and promotion of its products. The country is technological developed meaning that there are plenty of information for companies to exploit in order to make their supplying channels. Benefiting from the new technology there must be an enduring development from the companies in the UK in order to be more competitive (Innovate UK, 2010). Moreover, to meet the UK quality control requirements companies must multiply the needs for technological equipments. Petroliva should choose to enter the UK market because: There is a huge base of potential customers. There is an increasing demand for olive oil. The British are changing their eating habits. Within the EU there are not barriers, and the UK government rules are not strict. UK has one of the highest GDP in EU and the country is getting out of the recession which should impact the level of consumption spending. PORTERS FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS According to Porter (2008) there are five forces that direct every company and affect the strength, the direction of the competition and the profits of a company. These forces are: The bargaining power of the buyers. The ability that customers have to force down the prices. In commodity market customers are price conscious making them able to decrease the prices as there are also other choices. To have power the company should provide to them packages of excellent quality, logical price and use its environmental image in order to create loyalty between customers and company (Lee, D.Y. 2000)(Appendix D) The bargaining power of the suppliers. The ability of the suppliers to increase the delivery price/time of the products. Most of the problems in this field come from the wrong agreements between firms and supplying companies. Having a good contract with the suppliers and making sure that the agreement benefits both supplier and company, the competition will slow down. (Jones P et al, 2005)(Appendix E) Rivalry among existing competitors. The competition in the UK olive oil market is fierce with main players companies from countries such as Italy, Spain and Greece. According to Haymarket business (2003) the UK market leaders are Filippo Berio and Carapelli (Appendix F, G). Both of them have Italian backgrounds and share a big percentage of the olive oil market in the UK (Appendix G1). (See figure 2). Threat of new entrants. Countries with no traditional background such as America, Africa, Asia, Syria and Turkey are trying to enter the market making the competition even more difficult. Having a strong brand image and high quality Petroliva may avoid threats that come from new entrants. Threat of substitutes. Nowadays more and more technologically advanced materials are used in order to find which olive oil possible choice is more environmental and cheap. The supermarkets promote in an active manner their own-label products (Vegetable oils, Sunflower oils, Tesco oil, Asda oil) making it difficult for the consumers to chose between the low cost products and quality products. This variety of oils can confuse the British customers because they are not aware of the differences between the oils and the olive oil health benefits (the Independent, 2009). MODES OF ENTRY When a company has made the decision to go into a foreign market, there is a big question of choosing the best way to enter the market. Companies can use exporting, licensing, joint venture or WOS (new wholly owned subsidiary) in order to enter a new market (Ireland et al, 2007) Exporting This strategy is the easiest way to enter a new market. According to this mode products are produced in the domestic market and then are transferred to the foreign target market. There are two stages in this category: Direct export- The exporter deals with every aspect of the procedure. (agents, distributors, foreign retailers) Indirect export- this method does not require large amounts for marketing investment, but the company loses the control. (piggyback marketing, franchising, contract manufacturing) (Kotler Keller, 2006, p 674 675) Licensing The licensing mode is an arrangement between the importing company and the domestic company. The lifetime of the contract is small and aims in the utilization of licensors industrial assets (Kotler Keller, 2006, p 676) Joint venture This manner of operation is the less risky mode of entering a market because there is an arrangement with the hosting company for sharing equity and the business command (Kotler Keller, 2006, p 676-677) WOS (new Wholly Owned Subsidiary) According to Ireland et al (2007) this entry mode is referring to firms that want to fully own the facilities of their production. In this mode company has the overall control but it is costly and also it has higher risks.(Ireland et al, 2007, p. 228). According to Woodcock et al, (1994) in the entering process at a foreign market a company must identify three attributes: The recourse commitment that is required. (The company is a SME, and there is no need of risks and big investments) The company control amount (Petroliva is already present in many markets, meaning that company wants the total control in UK) Technology risk ( Having the best quality and the right managerial control, it is not difficult for petroliva to adjust) (Woodcock et al, 1994) PETROLIVAS MODE OF ENTRY IN UK Taking into consideration the modes of entry the less expensive and risky way to enter the market is by exporting. According to Ireland et al (2007), exporting does not demand the products to be produced in the objective-target country (Ireland et al, 2007). It is better for Petroliva to use the direct exporting mode because there will be no investment in the UK for production facilities. Petroliva is already present in many markets through exporting its products. Therefore, we can draw the conclusion that the company has high experience and has established its channels and created distributorships to export its products. In this mode Petroliva can have control over the entire export transaction. This way of direct-exporting will also be the best way for Petroliva to obtain maximum profits and the economic growth will be long termed. Company should make contracts with distributors who will carry the product and then supply them to retailers or dealers. Furthermore, Petroliva may sell as well at foreign retailers and then the retailers will make the connection with the customers. Being a SME company, Petroliva cannot use other modes of entry because the competition is high and the company must avoid risky moves in the market. Companys benefits for applying the direct exporting mode of entry in UK are: Entry very fast in the UK market. Increase the company/product scale using facilities that already exist. Reduce the investments in the UK. Overall control from the company. Minimize the risk with competitors or government rules. The importing policies are very liberal making the transporting easier. (Quickmba, 2010) ENTRY STRATEGY-POSITIONING According to Ireland at al (2007) an appropriate and interesting position for a company is the situation that allows the firm to hold competitive advantage over its competitors (Ireland et al, 2007) There are three generic strategies for a company: Cost leadership. The company focus on obtaining a low cost competitive position compared to rival companies. Focus strategy. This category is a set of actions which are used to make products for a particular target group. Differentiation strategy. The company focuses on the creation of a unique product of high quality and features to build a strong brand image. (Ireland et al, 2007). PETROLIVAS STRATEGY (Differentiation) Entering the UK market with a cost leadership strategy may be a mistake because Petrolivas oil quality is excellent and there is no need to drop off the quality in order to offer lower prices. The focus strategy is not appropriate for Petroliva because olive oil can be used by all the social ranks and ages. Petroliva targets almost all the groups of customers and regions in UK that seek for a product of high quality so focusing on specific groups is not necessary. Implementing a differentiation strategy is the most suitable for Petroliva because the company has an excellent quality of oil. A different product of high quality with a unique design-image will benefit the company when entering UK. To figure out why a company will stand out from its competitors in Uk market it should be answered the question why customers will choose to buy its products? The reason that customer will choose to buy Petrolivas product is because it is going to offer them olive oil of high quality at reasona ble price. This strategys aims are to offer to the customers a unique product with excellent features. Petroliva should emphasize on its unique product features (size, design, quality, package and health benefits) in order to increase sales and gain market share. By pursuing this strategy the company will have as a main goal to meet customers specific needs. Entering the UK for the first time, it will be difficult for the company to focus only on supplying companies. Therefore, Petroliva should consider both B2B (business to business) and B2C (business to consumer) ways. Company can implement the differentiation strategy by applying the Marketing Mix concept which is commonly used by International Businesses which are implementing an International Marketing Strategy (Bennett, A. 1997). According to Armstrong Kotler (2003) the key factors of the marketing mix are: price, product, place and promotion. These key factors have a target of influencing the buyers decision (Armstrong Kotler, 2003 p. 17). To differentiate its products I suggest the below features that Petrolivas products should have. Product Bottle size: To differentiate from existing companies in UK an emphasis in the bottle should be given because it is an important element that influences the sales. Petroliva should focus in the category of 125ml and 250ml because these sizes offer to customers two benefits: firstly to introduce Petrolivas products to them and secondly to inspire them to try and experience its olive oil. (Appendix H1) Package: PET bottle is the best solution for the company. Being cheap and environmental friendly this kind of bottle will benefit company in its costs and also will attract customers (envis-icpe.com, 2010). (Appendix H2) Price According to Griffin and Pustay (2007) pricing policies are very important because they affect the success of the firm. Petroliva should try to find the best possible price after making a research in UK prices and also calculating the costs that the olive oil has from its production until delivering to the customer. In this way company can find a price that attracts customers and also offers good margins to the company. Place The best combination of communication channels, retailers and the perfect distributors it is needed in this category (Griffin and Pustay, 2007). The product will be distributed at the most profitable supermarkets, small and big retail shops, and gift shops. The retailers below are the best choice to sell its products. Promotion For the promotion stage Petroliva should use three marketing approaches. Television Internet Print The best promotion ways to reach faster market response are: Billboard advertising of Petrolivas product in UK ( creates curiosity to the customers) Cooking magazines- Cooking lifestyle magazines Supermarket magazines Sponsoring( Food TV, Jamie Oliver, Nigella Lawson) Websites Cooking Lifestyle TV programs. Offer gifts (cups, cooking accessories). (Appendix H3) Cavusgil et al (2008) CONCLUSION (Appendix I) Taking into consideration the above analysis from my point of view the best way for Petroliva to enter the UK market is by exporting (direct) and by using a differentiation strategy. Petroliva is a small company and there are a lot of risks if the company chooses other options in order to enter the market. The benefits of direct exporting for Petroliva will be to minimize the needed investment in UK, to enter the market fast and to minimize government/rival risks. Moreover, knowing that the competition in UK market is fierce in this industry, it is better for the company to choose a differentiation strategy in order to attract customers by offering them a product of better quality. Following the strategies, practices and processes that I suggested above in this paper the company will have the most possible success entering this market. A new different product of high quality at a reasonable price has all the potential to have great success in a new market where customers are price co nscious and also want the best possible quality (Appendix I).

IKEA Global Sourcing Essay

1. How should Marianne Barner respond to the invitation for IKEA to have a representative appear on the upcoming broadcast of the German video program? a. Marianne Barner, business manager for IKEA’s carpets, should respond with a firm â€Å"no† to the invitation. Barlett, Dessain, & Sjà ¶man (2006) stated that the German video program would only bring detriment to the company, rather than relief or support for the issue at hand. In comparison to the Swedish program, which did not target a specific company, this German-produced program planned to take a confrontational and aggressive approach targeted directly at IKEA and one of its suppliers (Barlett, Dessain, & Sjà ¶man (2006). Moreover, Germany currently brings in the most sales for IKEA with $10.4 and 29.7% (Barlett, Dessain, & Sjà ¶man (2006). Since Marianne Barner’s goal was to stop the issue, accepting this invitation would only bring fuel to the fire. 2. What actions should she take regarding the IKEA supply contract with Rangan Exports? a. Marianne Barner knew that IKEA must take on this issue and sign up to an industry-wide response to growing concerns about child labor in the Indian Carpet industry (Barlett, Dessain, & Sjà ¶man (2006). It would be in IKEA’s best interest to force Rangan Exports to comply with the addendum which explicitly forbade the use of child labor on pain of termination (Barlett, Dessain, & Sjà ¶man (2006). Rangan Exports is one of IKEA’s major suppliers, so cutting them off would cost them millions of dollars and hurt sales. Because IKEA began addressing this issue in 1994, there should be policies set in place for termination of suppliers that decide they don’t want to comply with said addendum. Marianne’s ideal solution would entail IKEA figuring out a way to keep its contract with Rangan Exports while making sure children were no longer working at the looms. 3. What long-term strategy would you suggest she take regarding IKEA’s continued operation in India? Should the company stay or should it exit? (Be prepared to describe the impact of such a decision and how you would manage it.) a. Marianne Barner knew that the long-term strategies for IKEA would need to make differences in the lives of the children and taking a very proactive stand (Barlett, Dessain, & Sjà ¶man (2006). Many others within the company felt that this proactive stance would put IKEA at a significant cost disadvantage to its competitors (Barlett, Dessain, & Sjà ¶man (2006). Getting involved with Rugmark or Save the Children would be the  great long-term strategies for Barner and IKEA. Also, continuing to stay active and semi-micro-managing its manufacturing plants in India would provide IKEA with results and knowledge. Visiting the plants often, unannounced, might scare away some manufacturers, but that is the cost that must be paid if IKEA wants to avoid child labor issues. The company should stay and source from India because the people need jobs and money. Additionally, since India is the biggest purchasing source for carpets and rugs, exiting from the country would result in major losses (Barlett, Dessain, & Sjà ¶man (2006). 4. For those recommending that IKEA continue to source carpets in India, would you suggest that she: a. Continue IKEA’s own monitoring and control processes or sign-up to Rugmark? i. Although maintaining a monitoring and control process is imperative for IKEA, the sign-up to Rugmark would results in more sales. Rugmark, a recently initiated industry response to the child labor problem in the Indian carpet industry, certifies whether a carpet was made with or without the use of child labor (Barlett, Dessain, & Sjà ¶man (2006). IKEA was invited to sign up with Rugmark as a way of dealing with its ongoing potential problem for child labor problems on products from India (Barlett, Dessain, & Sjà ¶man (2006). This would be the better solution because this creates a level of transparency for the consumers and IKEA. Seeing the Rugmark label on a carpet or rug would communicate that IKEA was not dealing with child labor anymore and that these products wouldn’t conflict with their consumers’ morals and beliefs. Thus, the consumers would become aware and make more purchases based upon this new visible label. b. Continue to focus only on eliminating the use of child labor in IKEA’s supply chain or engage in broader action to address the root causes of child labor as Save the Children is urging? i. Eliminating the use of child labor in IKEA’s supply chain is necessary for the company’s success, but only focusing on this matter will be wasteful of time and money. There are many other issues that arise whilst focusing on the issue of child labor. Engaging in a broader action addressing the root causes of child labor and teaming with Save the Children would expand IKEA’s public interests and fix more issues. Doing what’s best for the children will include the issue of child labor, so broadening its actions will also broaden its efforts and results. However, Barner realized that the more she learned about the issue, the more complex  the situation became (Barlett, Dessain, & Sjà ¶man (2006). Therefore, engaging in efforts to do what’s ultimately best for the child would simplify the issues. Barner also stated that the Swedish Save the Children’s expert taught IKEA much about the issue and emphasized that they must do what’s in the best interests of the child (Barlett, Dessain, & Sjà ¶man (2006). Since the Save the Children is such a large organization, getting to the root of the problems IKEA face on a daily basis will be slightly easier than doing it on its own. References Barlett, C., Dessain, V. & Sjà ¶man, A. (2006). Ikea’s global sourcing challenge: Indian rugs and child labor. Harvard Business School. Retrieved from https://learn.unt.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-338330-dt-content-rid-1517326_1/courses/MDSE_4660_001_11235W2/IKEA%27s%20Global%20Sourcing%20Challenge%20-%20Indian%20Rugs%20and%20Child%20Labor.pdf

There Are 2 Brands of Cell Phones That Are Almost Identical Except for Some Minor Features: the a-Phone and the Pomegranate

There are 2 brands of cell phones that are almost identical except for some minor features: the A-Phone and the Pomegranate. Part I For this part of the assignment, we will focus on the demand curve. Draw the demand curve for the A-Phone. Explain how the graph, price, and quantity demanded will change if the following occurs: †¢There is an overall increase in income. †¢It is discovered that there are health concerns when using cell phones. What happens to the supply of cell phones if the market price goes up? For this part of the assignment, we will focus on the supply curve. Explain what happens to the price and quantity supplied and how it reflects on a graph if the following occurs: †¢It becomes more expensive to produce cell phones. †¢Another company starts producing cell phones, and now there are 3 producers in the market. Part III For this part of the assignment, we are going to focus on demand and supply on the same graph. Draw a graph which shows the equilibrium price of cell phones. Explain what the graph is showing. When the new manufacturer introduces the Robo cell phone to the market, how does that affect the equilibrium price if the Robo is basically the same as the other cell phones? Part IV As the public’s dependence on cell phones continues to grow, the cost of the phones may be decreasing, but the stronghold that telecommunication companies have on the public in regards to contracts and climbing fees is alarming. Additionally, all cell phone companies charge about the same prices, and the consumers do not have much choice in substituting providers. Consumers appear to need some controls in this regard, and the government decides to step in. †¢What is the effect of government intervention in the cell phone market? Make sure that you use graphs to illustrate your point. †¢Is this a good thing for consumers? On the other hand, the government sees the increase in cell phone use as an opportunity to make some additional revenue, and it decides to tax service providers. †¢Who is really paying the tax? †¢Illustrate your conclusion on a graph. †¢Do you think that there is a free market for cell phone users? Why or why not?

The Conspiracy Of Organized Religion - 974 Words

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Studies have shown that people who are the most religious believe more in magic and superstitious. â€Å"If we are so focused on a powerful â€Å"God† who controls our destiny, why do we not wonder who created?† questions like this come from those who have the strongest; belief in God himself (Carter 4). 70 percent of church goers do not fully believe in the back of their religion, or believe or what is supposed to happen after thei r death (Carter 5). With religious belief there is no true religion. The more known religions is how an individual is born and raised into maturity. There are big differences in religion based on the theme of the nation. Most people who are born into a certain religion there really is no changing it (Carter 6). In various parts of the world mankind in based on superstition is the high advent of technology will slowly but surely distinigrate. 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